Recognizing the Signs of Abuse

Understanding the physical, emotional, and behavioral indicators of abuse can save lives. Learn to identify the signs and take action to support those in need.

Abuse often leaves visible evidence on the body. Look out for:

• Unexplained injuries: Bruises, burns, or cuts that don't match the explanation given.
• Frequent injuries: Recurring patterns or injuries in different stages of healing.
• Hidden areas of harm: Injuries on less visible parts of the body, like the back or thighs.
• Signs of restraint: Marks on wrists or ankles.
• Poor overall health: Malnourishment, dehydration, or poor hygiene.

Abuse can deeply affect a person's mental health and emotional state:

• Low self-esteem: Expressing feelings of worthlessness or hopelessness.
• Fearfulness: Being excessively anxious or scared, especially around certain people.
• Sudden mood changes: Extreme shifts between sadness, anger, or anxiety.
• Withdrawal: Avoiding friends, family, or social situations.
• Depression: Persistent sadness, lack of energy, or thoughts of self-harm.

Abuse often leads to noticeable changes in behavior:

• Avoidance of eye contact: Especially when discussing sensitive topics.
• Overly submissive or apologetic: Seeming afraid to speak up or take action.
• Changes in daily routines: Such as eating, sleeping, or personal care habits.
• Excessive secrecy: Hiding details about their life or relationships.
• Sudden academic or work performance decline: Difficulty focusing or frequent absences.

• Observe and document: Take note of the signs and keep a record of observations.
• Approach gently: If safe, ask open-ended questions like, “Is there anything you want to share?”
• Support, don’t pressure: Provide reassurance and avoid pushing them to disclose.
• Report concerns: Contact local authorities or helplines when someone’s safety is at risk.
• Encourage professional help: Connect them with counselors or resources.

• National Domestic Violence Hotline: 1-800-799-SAFE (7233)
• ChildHelp National Child Abuse Hotline: 1-800-4-A-CHILD (422-4453)
• RAINN (Rape, Abuse & Incest National Network): 1-800-656-HOPE (4673)

Child Welfare Information Gateway
https://www.childwelfare.gov 

Comprehensive resource on recognizing signs of child abuse and neglect.

Prevent Child Abuse America
https://preventchildabuse.org 

National organization with resources to identify and prevent child abuse.